The role of environmental factors in the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD) – Literature Review

The environment is that part of living and non-living nature surrounds organisms directly or indirectly affects their existence, development reproduction.The increase toxic substances in the human body beyond permissible norm leads to a progressive such chronic diseases as: respiratory cardiovascular systems, genetic congenital malformations, poisoning, malignant tumors, allergies, blood diseases, liver diseases. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) global public health problem associated with high rates morbidity mortality.It > 10% total population worldwide, which 800 million individuals. Environmental nephrotoxic factors causing CKD can be classified (1) metals, (2) air pollution, (3) exposure other non-metals. Metals used industrial processes have been shown contaminate drinking water, food soil, thereby increasing risk among general population.In following sections, we summarize metals are known effect, including arsenic, cadmium, lead, mercury uranium. prospective observational study Taiwan reported people ingesting ≥ 50 μg/L As well water had 30% increased clinically recognized compared ≤ 10 μg/L. cross-sectional showed urinary Cd was significantly positively renal tubular biomarkers, N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase β2-microglobulin, China Korea.recent studies investigated relationship between phthalate function early injury markers as urine albumin/creatinine ratio β2-microglobulin (β2M) different populations.a series epidemiological support hypothesis long-term environmental low-dose melamine adverse outcomes, urolithiasis, damage, deterioration adults. Most evidence regarding association pollution discussed this comes from studies.Studying interaction pollutants help better understand susceptibility, reducing burden mortality caused by factors.